Elastic Pools in Azure SQL Database provide a cost-effective way to manage multiple databases with unpredictable usage patterns. Rather than provisioning resources for each individual database, an elastic pool allows you to allocate shared resources like CPU, memory, and storage across several databases. This results in more efficient resource usage, especially when some databases have peak demands at different times. By using elastic pools, businesses can avoid over-provisioning resources and reduce costs while maintaining optimal performance across all their databases.