Metagenomics is an innovative and rapidly advancing branch of genomics dedicated to the genetic analysis of microbial communities in their natural environments, allowing researchers to bypass the need for culturing individual organisms. Traditional microbiological techniques often depend on laboratory cultivation, which restricts the exploration of many microorganisms that are challenging or impossible to grow under standard conditions. Metagenomics addresses this limitation by enabling the extraction, sequencing, and analysis of the collective DNA from all microorganisms in a sample, thereby providing a detailed perspective on microbial diversity, structure, and functional capabilities.